• HVYRAIN: Excessive Rainfall Discussion...corrected

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to [email protected] on Tue Apr 14 23:27:00 2026
    FOUS30 KWBC 142326 CCA
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion...CORRECTED
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    726 PM EDT Tue Apr 14 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 16Z Tue Apr 14 2026 - 12Z Wed Apr 15 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS THE CENTRAL
    L.P. OF MICHIGAN,SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN, AND THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ... Ohio Valley...

    16Z Update: The Slight Risk for Excessive Rainfall was expanded
    farther south to include central Illinois to central Indiana.Radar
    and surface observations show an outflow boundary lingering across
    the region from early morning showers and thunderstorms that may be
    a focal point for locally heavy rainfall this afternoon and
    evening. The RRFS and ARW model camps in particular are
    highlighting this region with QPF maxima in the 2-5 inch range.
    High seasonable PWATS and abundant instability also support the
    potential for high hourly rainfall rates.

    ...Wisconsin and Michigan...

    16z Update:

    The forecast continues to support the risk for flash
    flooding as storms are expected to form along a stationary boundary
    over Wisconsin and then congeal into a line of storms that
    progresses southeastward into Michigan. The low level jet will
    transport moisture orthogonal to a stationary boundary across the
    region with the training of storms possible. Most of the area
    remains at near or above record spring rainfall and soils are
    fairly saturated. Cells capable of 1.5-2"/hr rates and localized
    totals of 2-3+" suggest the placement of a Slight Risk of Excessive
    Rainfall from southern Wisconsin to eastern Michigan.

    ...Previous Discussion...

    A Slight Risk for excessive rainfall remains
    in effect for portions of the Great Lakes region. A
    shortwave/vorticity center lifting out over the mean ridge in the
    Great Lakes region will drive stronger confluence of the low level
    jet across Iowa to trigger another round of strong to severe
    thunderstorms Tuesday evening. Overall deep layer steering flow and
    fairly orthogonal ascent over boundary should help to focus a
    similar west to east (WNW to ENE) oriented axis of training
    thunderstorms. Upper-level dual jet couplet will further enhance
    up-scale growth to a broader complex to maintain through the
    overnight period. Most of the area remains at near or above record
    spring rainfall and soils are fairly saturated, so with cells
    capable of 1.5-2"/hr rates and localized totals of 2-3+" suggest
    the placement of a Slight Risk of Excessive Rainfall across
    portions of eastern WI and central MI (along and north of I-94).

    ... Lower Trans-Pecos/Big Bend...

    16 Update:

    Latest model guidance indicates a higher QPF maxima across the
    Lower Trans-Pecos region into the Big Bend as storms fire along the
    dry line in presence of a seasonally moist environment. HREF 24
    hour QPF neighborhood probabilities are around 50-70% for 2 inches
    and 10-20% probabilities for 3 hour QPF exceeding flash flood
    guidance. A Marginal Risk was maintained, but this area will be a
    focus for locally heavy rainfall.

    ...Oklahoma and Kansas...

    16z Update: Another targeted area for heavy rainfall will be span
    south of the Norman area, northeastward into the Tulsa metro and
    southern Kansas. Hi-res guidance indicates multiple rounds of
    storms could traverse this region as storms fire along the dry line
    boundary and south of a stationary front in Kansas. HREF 24 hour
    QPF probabilities exceeding 2 inches are fairly high (50-70%) and
    20-40% for exceeding 3 inches.

    ...Previous Discussion...
    A steady stream of PW values of 1.25 to
    1.5 inches will be advecting northward through the Southern/Central
    Plains nearly parallel to the dryline. This will be conducive for
    slow storm motion with locally heavy rainfall. Consensus suggests 3
    to 4 inches possible within the isolated cells. The Marginal Risk
    area is connected to the area of concern over the Great Lakes and
    just note the coverage will decrease northward along the dry-line.

    Campbell/Wilder


    Day 2=20
    Valid 12Z Wed Apr 15 2026 - 12Z Thu Apr 16 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR THE GREAT
    LAKES AND NORTHERN OHIO VALLEY..

    The surface to mid-level environment remains very similar to the
    past couple of days with a stark dry line extending from the Pecos
    River Valley across the Southern Plains into the Upper Mississippi
    Valley. A stationary front will continue to align west to east=20
    from Illinois to New York and serve as a mechanism for heavy=20
    rainfall potential. The longwave trough will finally be making=20
    progress toward the Central Plains and the deep layer moisture axis
    and instability shifts slightly eastward.

    An upgrade to a Slight Risk for Excessive Rainfall was added across
    southern Wisconsin and Michigan. Across the northern Ohio Valley,
    northern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio were included in the risk
    area. A persistence forecast worked well here where instability,
    plentiful moisture near the surface (PWATS near or exceeding 1.5=20
    inches), and a nearby stationary boundary and weak area of low
    pressure will help create an environment capable of producing heavy
    rainfall. WPC QPF indicates 1-3 inches of rain over the same=20
    regions that have have seen rounds of heavy rainfall over the past
    couple of days. The flash flood guidance, meanwhile, has lowered to
    a half an inch to an inch. Another consideration was the flash
    flood sensitivity for urban areas such as Milwaukee, Chicago, and
    Detroit. The Slight Risk does extend southward across northern Illinois
    and Indiana to account for uncertainty on storm track and the
    spread of 2 inch HREF 24 hr QPF neighborhood probability.=20

    ...Eastern Oklahoma and the Ozarks...

    Similar to the past couple of days, afternoon storms are likely to
    form and trek from the southwest to northeast ahead of the=20
    longwave trough moving into the Central Plains. Eastern Oklahoma
    into the Ozarks will be in the right entrance of the jet streak,
    which will help provide lift. At the surface, high PWATS and
    surface instability will once again prime the atmosphere for hourly
    rainfall rates of an inch/hr. QPF guidance does show a maximum of
    1-2 inches across the region, but model guidance shows little to=20
    no probability for accumulations exceeding 2 inches. Therefore, a=20
    Marginal Risk is maintained for the risk area. Additionally, the=20
    more flash flood prone Ozark mountain range is relatively dry.=20

    ...Northeast...

    A Marginal Risk for Excessive Rainfall was expanded eastward across
    New York State to Connecticut. Moisture transport will increase=20
    across the east as the longwave trough shifts eastward into the=20
    center of the country. Additionally, weak areas of low pressure=20
    will ride along a stationary boundary across the Northeast that=20
    will help funnel moisture across the area. Remnants of the storms=20
    across the Great Lakes may bring a round of showers and storms in=20
    the morning, followed by another round of heavier showers and=20
    thunderstorms in the afternoon. Model guidance shows a corridor of
    1-1.5 inches rainfall with embedded higher amounts depending on the
    model. The relatively lower flash guidance across western=20
    Pennsylvania and the more urban footprint of areas such as=20
    Connecticut and New England also help confidence of expanding the=20
    Marginal eastward.=20

    Wilder

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Thu Apr 16 2026 - 12Z Fri Apr 17 2026

    The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flooding guidance is
    less than 5 percent.

    Wilder

    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6qXprxWInP10H82QZ3A_xooVfjJN2HoH071NgRtdUcSx= r4T3NS7mDIMxk1Az7UvSBFBrZeFZcKQQtvc0YkOag5imW-s$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6qXprxWInP10H82QZ3A_xooVfjJN2HoH071NgRtdUcSx= r4T3NS7mDIMxk1Az7UvSBFBrZeFZcKQQtvc0YkOaQuV7rU8$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!6qXprxWInP10H82QZ3A_xooVfjJN2HoH071NgRtdUcSx= r4T3NS7mDIMxk1Az7UvSBFBrZeFZcKQQtvc0YkOacvSSPBM$=20

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to [email protected] on Sun Apr 26 00:55:24 2026
    FOUS30 KWBC 260055 CCA
    QPFERD

    Excessive Rainfall Discussion...CORRECTED
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    855 PM EDT Sat Apr 25 2026

    Day 1
    Valid 01Z Sun Apr 26 2026 - 12Z Sun Apr 26 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL FOR SOUTHEAST
    OKLAHOMA, NORTHEAST TEXAS, AND FAR SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...

    01Z Update...
    Expanded the southern extent of the Slight Risk area a bit more
    into Texas given where convection initiated and the trends seen
    in short term radar imagery. There are some members of the WoFS
    which show a corridor immediately either side of the Red River
    where 5 minute rainfall amounts exceeding 0.25 inches in proximity
    to where the SPC Mesoanalysis page focused MUCAPE values of 3000=20
    to 5500 J per kg. Also nudged the Slight Risk region northward a=20
    but into east-central Oklahoma where the WoFS signal was for a=20
    cluster of training cells during the mid- to late-evening which=20
    would support heavy to excessive rainfall. Some mid-level dry air=20
    likely hold precipitable water values around 1.5 inches=20
    which...when combined with forward speeds 10 kts or greater...may=20
    be factors which ultimately limit coverage or amounts somewhat.
    Refer to MPD 0131 and MPD 0132 for more specific details through=20
    26/0530Z and 26/0641Z respectively.

    Bann


    16z Update...

    Only adjustment to the previous outlook was to introduce a Slight
    Risk for an area encompassing southeast OK, northeast TX, and far
    southwest AR. This region has been highlighted by several CAMs,
    including many recent HRRR and RRFS runs, with greatest potential
    for training/backbuilding supercells as well as later tonight
    redeveloping showers and thunderstorms along a quasi- stationary
    boundary. This boundary may also be reinforced by outflow from
    initial developing supercells and is why the Slight Risk was
    hedged southward compared to some northern solutions. Timing of
    this event appears to begin after 21Z as storms initiate across
    central/eastern OK and even possibly north TX before spreading
    eastward and gradually weakening by 03Z-06Z. However, continued
    rainfall is possible after 06Z as the LLJ increases above 40 kts in
    north TX and central OK overrunning the lingering outflow
    boundary/stationary front.

    Rainfall rates are likely to exceed 2"/hr within the most intense
    updrafts and where hail doesn't become the primary hydrometeor.
    Should these cells train or backbuild over the same area, rainfall
    totals within a 3 to 6-hr period could exceed 3" and produce
    scattered instances of flash flooding. The 12Z HREF highlighted
    these probabilities (3" per 6-hr) at 25-30% across the Slight Risk
    area through 06Z Sunday. There remains the potential for
    thunderstorm coverage to remain isolated and/or include fast
    forward propagation, which would limit the flash flood threat.

    Snell

    Previous Discussion...

    Very strong instability is likely to develop later today across
    the southern Plains as a consequence of considerable northward
    moisture advection. Convective initiation may be delayed until
    around or after 00Z as it will take time to erode an inversion.
    Eventually this is expected to give way to scattered supercells,
    which should then grow into convective clusters and progress to the
    southeast during the overnight hours. The environment will be
    supportive of heavy rain rates to around 2 inches per hour with PW
    values around 1.5 inches (90th percentile for late April in the
    region). Flash flooding would be possible where these rain rates
    can be sustained for a couple hours; that would be most likely to
    occur via cell mergers leading to brief periods of training.

    A targeted upgrade to a Slight Risk may be needed later today, as
    there is a chance for more focused training and backbuilding along
    a composite outflow boundary and warm front that will gradually be
    pushing north into southeast Oklahoma and southwest Arkansas. While
    models have come into better agreement on the location of this
    boundary, and the relatively strong low-level convergence
    associated with it, many models also show somewhat limited
    convective coverage, which would reduce opportunities for training
    and a focused corridor of heavy rainfall. If greater development
    along and near the boundary becomes apparent, the alignment of
    shear vectors with the boundary orientation would increase the risk
    of flash flooding and may warrant an upgrade.

    Another area of higher QPF values (1-2 inches) is forecast from
    the Poconos into the greater New York City area today and tonight.
    This area was not outlooked in the ERO as the rain is expected via
    steady light-moderate rain for much of the day, with a lack of
    instability and chances of even 0.5 inch per hour rain rates
    negligible to nil. Therefore, any impacts from the rain would not
    be expected to be of the flash flood variety.

    Lamers

    Day 2
    Valid 12Z Sun Apr 26 2026 - 12Z Mon Apr 27 2026

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL IN THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS...

    Strong cyclogenesis in the central Plains on Sunday will facilitate
    significant northward moisture transport and a more expansive area
    of thunderstorm activity in the region. This is also where the
    forcing is expected to be strongest: the left exit region of an
    upper level jet and strong positive vorticity advection. Only minor
    changes were made to the previous outlook, including trimming more
    of the southern edge and expanding eastward a bit in northern MO.
    Where the risk area exists, the primary question at this point will
    be the amount of available instability. More unstable scenarios
    could support convective clusters with higher rain rates (in excess
    of 1 inch per hour) that could lead to isolated flash flooding.
    Scenarios with less instability could limit rain rates. Given these uncertainties, expect further refinement of the outlook in
    subsequent updates. Although some potential for heavy rain exists
    from central Nebraska into central South Dakota in some guidance,
    flash flood guidance is much higher in those locations, so the
    northwest extent of the Marginal Risk remains constrained by the
    presence of less favorable soil conditions. The 12Z HREF highlights
    the greatest potential for storm total rainfall amounts exceeding
    3 inches throughout southwest IA and far northwest MO, where 40km
    neighborhood probabilities are 40-60%.

    Lamers/Snell

    Day 3
    Valid 12Z Mon Apr 27 2026 - 12Z Tue Apr 28 2026

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL OVER NORTHERN
    ILLINOIS AND FAR SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    A deep cyclone will continue to make steady progress northeastward
    on Monday from the central Plains into the western Great Lakes. A
    broad 50-60 knot low-level jet to the east of the cyclone and
    accompanying cold front will continue significant northward
    moisture transport with 1 inch PW likely to extend to the Canadian
    border and 1.5 inch PW potentially reaching to southern Wisconsin.
    This would place most of the Mississippi Valley firmly in the
    90-95th percentile for PW in late April. This will support
    relatively high rain rates in the abundant convection expected
    along and ahead of the aforementioned cold front. This is reflected
    in a broad Marginal Risk over much of the Middle and Upper
    Mississippi Valley. The risk is held at that level for most of the
    region due to the expectation for relatively narrow squall lines
    forced by the cold front as the primary contributer to rainfall
    over the 24-hour period. Those squall lines should steadily (or
    even rapidly) advance eastward and that would limit the duration
    of heavy rainfall at any one location. Rain rates will be high
    enough that isolated flash flooding is still possible.

    A Slight Risk remains in a small area of northern Illinois and far
    southern Wisconsin where there is an overlap of higher
    probabilities of 2+ inch rainfall (25-40 percent per NBM v5.0) and
    anomalously high streamflow and soil moisture due to significant
    rainfall over the past couple weeks. While the risk of flash
    flooding is slightly higher in these areas, the same limitation of
    relatively fast progression of thunderstorms described above still
    applies. Additionally, there is some uncertainty about the degree
    of instability this far north; an easterly component to the low-
    level flow may advect more stable air from the cool Lake Michigan
    into adjacent land areas. Models that embrace that scenario tend to
    show a rapid decay of convection as it progresses east into
    southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois, so this will need to be
    monitored as details come into focus. Nevertheless, enough signal
    for heavy rainfall exists in an area of increased vulnerability to
    justify higher ERO probabilities at the moment.

    Lamers/Snell


    Day 1 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/94epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5mJ5JotKFux3QxZaXJSoxWSgJxKZvzNPWiyErZXDfjEd= pcdw7ZcNN_13t4y0W4IqMgXu8mMUsmY6ArHivgbEW9l63uo$=20
    Day 2 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/98epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5mJ5JotKFux3QxZaXJSoxWSgJxKZvzNPWiyErZXDfjEd= pcdw7ZcNN_13t4y0W4IqMgXu8mMUsmY6ArHivgbEt3_EqpA$=20
    Day 3 threat area: https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.go= v/qpf/99epoints.txt__;!!DZ3fjg!5mJ5JotKFux3QxZaXJSoxWSgJxKZvzNPWiyErZXDfjEd= pcdw7ZcNN_13t4y0W4IqMgXu8mMUsmY6ArHivgbEWFSmnRg$=20

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