<https://www.tomshardware.com/software/operating-systems/california-introduces-age-verification-law>
*California introduces age verification law for all operating systems, including Linux and SteamOS — user age verified during OS account setup*
AB 1043 also requires OS providers to pipe a real-time age checker to
every app developer who requests it.
California's Digital Age Assurance Act (AB 1043), signed by Governor
Gavin Newsom in October 2025, requires every operating system provider
in California to collect age information from users at account setup and transmit that data to app developers via a real-time API, with the law taking effect on January 1, 2027.
Enforcement against Linux distributions, however, is likely to be problematic. Distros like Arch, Ubuntu, Debian, and Gentoo have no centralized account infrastructure, with users downloading ISOs from
mirrors worldwide, and can modify source code freely. These small
distros lack legal teams or resources to implement the required API, so
a more realistic outcome for non-compliant distros is a disclaimer that
the software is not intended for use in California.
<https://www.tomshardware.com/software/operating-systems/california-introduces-age-verification-law>[snip]
*California introduces age verification law for all operating systems, including Linux and SteamOS — user age verified during OS account setup*
Glad I don't live in California.
On Mon, 02 Mar 2026 10:41:53 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
<https://www.tomshardware.com/software/operating-systems/california-introduces-age-verification-law>[snip]
*California introduces age verification law for all operating systems,
including Linux and SteamOS — user age verified during OS account setup*
While I abhor this sort of state-mandated intrusion, I note that classical Unix and Linux
systems already have most of the mechanism in place to comply with the law.
The classic Unix /etc/passwd file maintains a "gecos" field, originally used to co-ordinate
unix users with their GE GECOS development environment counterparts, but now mostly used
to record ancilliary information about the user (full name, home phone number, room number,
etc.) and the chfn(1) utility to manipulate this information.
It would seem trivial for this gecos field to record birthdate, needing only a change to the
chfn(1) utility, and a redefinition or expansion of the "other" component of gecos field.
The query api is already well-defined: getpwent(3) passes the entire gecos field (as pw_gecos)
to the caller. The rest would be up to the applications that require age verification.
Note, like all other solutions, there is no way to prevent the falsification of birthdate
at account creation.
Glad I don't live in California.--
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a central authority.
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a
central authority.
But being open source, the root user could replace the library used
to query the certificate.
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
On Tue, 03 Mar 2026 21:21:47 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a central
authority.
Persona?
On 2026-03-03 21:26, rbowman wrote:
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a central
authority.
Persona?
Official Organization, paid by the administration, but independent.
paid by the administration, but independent.
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
On 2026-03-03 21:26, rbowman wrote:
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a
central authority.
Persona?
Official Organization, paid by the administration, but independent.
On Tue, 03 Mar 2026 21:21:47 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
Carlos writes:
paid by the administration, but independent.
You contradict yourself.
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
"Private" is not a synonym for "for profit corporation".
You really trust ruthless, amoral, power-driven politicians to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
On Wed, 4 Mar 2026 13:12:18 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-03 21:26, rbowman wrote:
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a
central authority.
Persona?
Official Organization, paid by the administration, but independent.
Perhaps that model works in Spain. It has a very poor track record in the
US.
On 2026-03-04 06:27, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Tue, 03 Mar 2026 21:21:47 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling
into private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past
history, even?
Same goes for governments, especially the US one...
On Wed, 4 Mar 2026 11:03:00 +0100, jjb wrote:
On 2026-03-04 06:27, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Tue, 03 Mar 2026 21:21:47 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling
into private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
You really trust ruthless, amoral, profit-driven companies to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past
history, even?
Same goes for governments, especially the US one...
Some of us live in multiparty democracies. The Government answers to
us, in a way that no private company is ever going to do. We have departments, like the tax department, which already has the job of
knowing, among other things, how old everybody is. They would be a
natural for providing a trusted source of a yes/no answer to a query
“Is this person old enough?”.
It’s not perfect, but, as Winston Churchill said, “Democracy is the
worst system in the world ... apart from all the others”.
Trouble is: do you trust the software to not leak your true identity
when accessing social media? Or anything?
You really trust ruthless, amoral, power-driven politicians to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
"Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote in news:16kl7mxnqn.ln2 @Telcontar.valinor:
On 2026-03-03 21:26, rbowman wrote:
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a
central authority.
Persona?
Official Organization, paid by the administration, but independent.
Forgive my doubts. I believe this is another backdoor attempt to
track everyone and what they are doing.
On 2026-03-04 14:46, John Hasler wrote:
Carlos writes:
paid by the administration, but independent.
You contradict yourself.
Such organizations do exist.
On Wed, 4 Mar 2026 13:38:11 -0000 (UTC), David LaRue wrote:
"Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote in news:16kl7mxnqn.ln2
@Telcontar.valinor:
On 2026-03-03 21:26, rbowman wrote:
On Tue, 3 Mar 2026 11:22:12 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
The only way would be an age certificate issued and signed by a
central authority.
Persona?
Official Organization, paid by the administration, but independent.
Forgive my doubts. I believe this is another backdoor attempt to
track everyone and what they are doing.
If it’s provided by an organization that is already doing a lot of
that (i.e. the tax department), then it doesn’t seem like much of a “mission creep” to me ...
Some of us live in multiparty democracies. The Government answers to us,
in a way that no private company is ever going to do.
In Spain, the question is very easy for the operating system if the
machine has an ID card reader. Every Spaniard over 14 years of age must mandatorily have a police issued ID card that contains a chip
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation
of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
What advantage is there to having an OS, rather than the actual
user, track and report such information?
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation
of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
It would need to be Government-run, to avoid the data falling into
private hands.
It would need to be privately-run, to avoid the data falling into
government hands.
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation
of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest
rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. He
still refused. He remained in office.
On Wed, 4 Mar 2026 22:00:02 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
In Spain, the question is very easy for the operating system if the
machine has an ID card reader. Every Spaniard over 14 years of age must
mandatorily have a police issued ID card that contains a chip
I thought Franco was long gone.
On Wed, 04 Mar 2026 07:52:36 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
You really trust ruthless, amoral, power-driven politicians to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
We vote them out of office if they misbehave. That’s how it works in multiparty democracies.
And in Parliamentary systems, all it takes is a vote of no confidence
to get rid of a misbehaving Government. No cumbersome “impeachment” process to have to go through.
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation
of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest
rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. He
still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card, and travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict Netanyahu.
On 2026-03-04 23:40, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Wed, 04 Mar 2026 07:52:36 -0600, John Hasler wrote:
You really trust ruthless, amoral, power-driven politicians to put
ordinary people’s interests before their own? Based on past history,
even?
We vote them out of office if they misbehave. That’s how it works in
multiparty democracies.
And in Parliamentary systems, all it takes is a vote of no confidence
to get rid of a misbehaving Government. No cumbersome “impeachment”
process to have to go through.
Not all democracies have a vote of no confidence.
We don't. It has to be "constructive", ie, a new president has to be proposed and he has to win. We can not just rebuke the existing president of the government.
And we also have an hereditary king, although with very reduced powers.
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation >>>> of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest
rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. He
still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card, and
travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the support of
the U.S. of A.!
Daniel70 <[email protected]> wrote in news:10obi58$3lruj$2@dont- email.me:
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation >>>>> of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest
rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. He >>>> still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card, and
travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the support of
the U.S. of A.!
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to understand your place in this time and more.
*California introduces age verification law for all operating systems, including Linux and SteamOS — user age verified during OS account setup*
Daniel70 <[email protected]> wrote in news:10obi58$3lruj$2@dont- email.me:
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the depreciation >>>>> of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and then finding
himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest
rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. He
still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card, and
travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the support of
the U.S. of A.!
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to understand your place in this time and more.
On 5/03/2026 9:50 pm, David LaRue wrote:
Daniel70 <[email protected]> wrote inYeap .... but old Israel only existed because, under orders, Moses
news:10obi58$3lruj$2@dont-
email.me:
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the
depreciation of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and >>>>>> then finding himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest >>>>> rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. >>>>> He still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card,
and travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict
Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the support
of the U.S. of A.!
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to
understand your place in this time and more.
pinched some land from the Arabs .... or whomever the inhabitants at
that time were.
Not all democracies have a vote of no confidence. We don't. It has
to be "constructive", ie, a new president has to be proposed and he
has to win. We can not just rebuke the existing president of the
government.
And we also have an hereditary king, although with very reduced
powers.
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 10:12:23 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not all democracies have a vote of no confidence. We don't. It has
to be "constructive", ie, a new president has to be proposed and he
has to win. We can not just rebuke the existing president of the
government.
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically countries with Presidents are republics.
--And we also have an hereditary king, although with very reduced
powers.
🇪🇸 and 🇳🇿 both, constitutional monarchies and multiparty democracies
at the same time.
I was born and grew up in 🇲🇾, another constitutional monarchy and multiparty democracy, with no less than 9 royal families, which take
turns being overall King.
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically
countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to understand your place in this time and more.
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically
countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:38:26 +1100, Daniel70 wrote:
On 5/03/2026 9:50 pm, David LaRue wrote:
Daniel70 <[email protected]> wrote inYeap .... but old Israel only existed because, under orders, Moses
news:10obi58$3lruj$2@dont-
email.me:
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the
depreciation of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, and >>>>>>> then finding himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower interest >>>>>> rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump threatened him. >>>>>> He still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card,
and travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict
Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the support
of the U.S. of A.!
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to
understand your place in this time and more.
pinched some land from the Arabs .... or whomever the inhabitants at
that time were.
'Pinched' is an understatement. Their tribal god told them to kill
everybody and they tried their best. iirc in one of their genocides their
god was pissed off when the troops brought home some goats. 'Didn't I tell you to kill EVERYTHING?'
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically
countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister of Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a rotating office of the Federal Council and has no special power. They don't have a real head
of state that you can lay the blame on.
On 6/03/2026 6:55 am, rbowman wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:38:26 +1100, Daniel70 wrote:Hmmm! Can't say I've been told that story before. ;-P
On 5/03/2026 9:50 pm, David LaRue wrote:
Daniel70 <[email protected]> wrote inYeap .... but old Israel only existed because, under orders, Moses
news:10obi58$3lruj$2@dont-
email.me:
On 5/03/2026 8:08 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 04:23, John Hasler wrote:Good on THEM!!
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Yes, I remember Mr Trump trying to force the... was it the
depreciation of the dollar, and the responsible body saying no, >>>>>>>> and then finding himself in trouble?
The chairman of the Federal Reserve System refused to lower
interest rates when Trump demanded that he do so. Trump
threatened him. He still refused. He remained in office.
Some judges in the international court can not use their visa card, >>>>>> and travel, and other impediments. Because they dared to indict
Netanyahu.
One wonders IF Israel would still exist if it weren't for the
support of the U.S. of A.!
israel has a long history and future ahead. Just read your Bible to
understand your place in this time and more.
pinched some land from the Arabs .... or whomever the inhabitants at
that time were.
'Pinched' is an understatement. Their tribal god told them to kill
everybody and they tried their best. iirc in one of their genocides
their god was pissed off when the troops brought home some goats.
'Didn't I tell you to kill EVERYTHING?'
On 2026-03-06 03:14, rbowman wrote:
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”.
Typically countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister of
Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a rotating office
of the Federal Council and has no special power. They don't have a real
head of state that you can lay the blame on.
Yes, it is confusing when each country works differently, there are many systems. I can forget and talk of president when we have a president of
the government, whose role is similar to a prime minister.
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 11:41:29 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-06 03:14, rbowman wrote:
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. >>>>>> Typically countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister of
Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a rotating office
of the Federal Council and has no special power. They don't have a real
head of state that you can lay the blame on.
Yes, it is confusing when each country works differently, there are many
systems. I can forget and talk of president when we have a president of
the government, whose role is similar to a prime minister.
The ornamental kings and queens are what puzzles or fascinates US
citizens.
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
On 2026-03-06 03:14, rbowman wrote:
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically
countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister of
Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a rotating
office of
the Federal Council and has no special power. They don't have a real head
of state that you can lay the blame on.
Yes, it is confusing when each country works differently, there are many systems. I can forget and talk of president when we have a president of
the government, whose role is similar to a prime minister.
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 22:45:13 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
Just be careful you don’t end up with a dictator instead.
On 6/03/2026 9:41 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-06 03:14, rbowman wrote:.... except that a Prime Minister actually gets to VOTE on a Bill to determine IF it becomes Law or not .... rather then, as I understand it, just SIGNING a PASSED Bill into Law.
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not “President”. Typically
countries with Presidents are republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister of
Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a rotating
office of
the Federal Council and has no special power. They don't have a real
head
of state that you can lay the blame on.
Yes, it is confusing when each country works differently, there are
many systems. I can forget and talk of president when we have a
president of the government, whose role is similar to a prime minister.
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
Be careful of what you wish for.
rbowman <[email protected]> writes:
Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
Be careful of what you wish for.
There’s republics and republics. In this country a plausible approach
would be to have a ceremonial president with the same limited
constitutional role that the monarch currently has.
Would a country that elected its heads of state every 5 years, but
referred to them as ‘King’ or ‘Queen’ and put them between a throne and
a crown, be a republic with anomalous terminology and excessive levels
of ceremony, or a monarchy with an unusually democratic succession
process?
On 2026-03-06 23:27, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 22:45:13 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
Just be careful you don’t end up with a dictator instead.
Yeah, I'm thinking of someone. :-(
On Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:16:38 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-06 23:27, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 22:45:13 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
Not everybody is proud of them, and want a republic instead.
Just be careful you don’t end up with a dictator instead.
Yeah, I'm thinking of someone. :-(
Spain seems to be plotting a very independent course under Sanchez. He
was one of the first to criticize Israel’s disproportionate response
in Gaza, and now he’s refusing to go along with Trump’s attacks on
Iran.
On 2026-03-07 10:32, Daniel70 wrote:
On 6/03/2026 9:41 pm, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-06 03:14, rbowman wrote:.... except that a Prime Minister actually gets to VOTE on a Bill
On Fri, 6 Mar 2026 00:07:24 -0000 (UTC), Lawrence D’Oliveiro
wrote:
On Thu, 5 Mar 2026 22:34:33 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote:
On 2026-03-05 21:54, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
You mean “Prime Minister” (Pedro Sanchez), not
“President”. Typically countries with Presidents are
republics.
Still, the official term here is President of the
Government.
Ah, I see.
Trump got criticized when he called Keller-Sutter Prime Mister
of Switzerland. Technically she was President but that's a
rotating office of the Federal Council and has no special
power. They don't have a real head of state that you can lay
the blame on.
Yes, it is confusing when each country works differently, there
are many systems. I can forget and talk of president when we have
a president of the government, whose role is similar to a prime
minister.
to determine IF it becomes Law or not .... rather then, as I
understand it, just SIGNING a PASSED Bill into Law.
Similar to our president of the government here.
He can sign a decree, but after some time (a month?) it has to be
passed in parliament, and it can fail and be removed after of being
used for a month.
| Sysop: | DaiTengu |
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