• =?UTF-8?Q?Within_Proof_Theoretic_Semantics_G=C3=B6del=27s_G_has_no_?==?UTF-8?Q?meaning_in_PA?=

    From olcott@[email protected] to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Apr 20 11:57:40 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/#InfeIntuAntiReal


    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL. Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation

    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@[email protected] to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Tue Apr 21 09:41:53 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/ #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL. Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is already in the usual metalanguage semantics.

    Which expression becomes shorter or simpler if Has_Meaning_PTS is
    used instead of Provable ?
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Tue Apr 21 08:33:42 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL.
    Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.


    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is already in the usual metalanguage semantics.


    KnownTrue := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    KnownFalse := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ ¬φ)
    Unknown := KnownTrue(PA, φ) ∧ KnownFalse(PA, φ)
    Some of Unknown is semantically incoherent

    Which expression becomes shorter or simpler if Has_Meaning_PTS is
    used instead of Provable ?

    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 10:19:51 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL.
    Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it.
    For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be
    added to the postulates. Conversely, if a sentence is known to be
    decidable it should not be added to the postulates as the set of the
    postulates would become either inconsistent or redundant.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is

    There should be an existential quantifier above expression that should
    be a copy of the expression defining Probable.

    already in the usual metalanguage semantics.

    KnownTrue  := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 02:48:33 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL.
    Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it.
    For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be

    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    added to the postulates. Conversely, if a sentence is known to be
    decidable it should not be added to the postulates as the set of the postulates would become either inconsistent or redundant.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is

    There should be an existential quantifier above expression that should
    be a copy of the expression defining Probable.

    already in the usual metalanguage semantics.

    KnownTrue  := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.


    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 11:19:44 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 22/04/2026 10:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ
    is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL.
    Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it.
    For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be

    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    A question is neither true nor false and there is no way to prove
    a question. But usually "undecidability" refers to affirmative
    sentences only, as they only are in the scope of logic.

    added to the postulates. Conversely, if a sentence is known to be
    decidable it should not be added to the postulates as the set of the
    postulates would become either inconsistent or redundant.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is >>
    There should be an existential quantifier above expression that should
    be a copy of the expression defining Probable.

    already in the usual metalanguage semantics.

    KnownTrue  := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.

    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA
    Now the right side is as in the definition of Provable but the variable
    φ is still free on the right side making KnownTrue ill-defined.

    There still is no connection to knowledge so KnownTrue is a bad name.
    Note that the Common Language phrase "known true" is not a noun phrase
    and therefore does not denote any being.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@[email protected] to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 08:17:57 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/22/2026 3:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ >>>>>> is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL.
    Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but >>>>> whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it.
    For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be

    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    A question is neither true nor false and there is no way to prove
    a question. But usually "undecidability" refers to affirmative
    sentences only, as they only are in the scope of logic.


    This sentence is not true. // It is semantically incoherent

    added to the postulates. Conversely, if a sentence is known to be
    decidable it should not be added to the postulates as the set of the
    postulates would become either inconsistent or redundant.

    For example, the above expressed interpretation of Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ) is

    There should be an existential quantifier above expression that should
    be a copy of the expression defining Probable.

    already in the usual metalanguage semantics.

    KnownTrue  := Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.

    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA
    Now the right side is as in the definition of Provable but the variable
    φ is still free on the right side making KnownTrue ill-defined.

    There still is no connection to knowledge so KnownTrue is a bad name.

    KnownTrue(2 + 3 = 5)

    Note that the Common Language phrase "known true" is not a noun phrase
    and therefore does not denote any being.


    The compositional meaning of the terms "known" + "true"
    means that the expression is true and exists within the
    body of knowledge.

    Unknown("Truth value of the Goldbach conjecture")
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From =?UTF-8?B?QW5kcsOpIEcuIElzYWFr?=@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 17:06:55 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.


    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the
    formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano Arithmetic.

    I'm not saying I agree with the above, but at least it is more clear
    than your attempts at formalism.

    André
    --
    To email remove 'invalid' & replace 'gm' with well known Google mail
    service.

    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 20:21:41 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/22/2026 6:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.


    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano Arithmetic.


    That certainly is more clear.

    I'm not saying I agree with the above, but at least it is more clear
    than your attempts at formalism.

    André

    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 18:25:56 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 04/22/2026 04:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge.


    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano Arithmetic.

    I'm not saying I agree with the above, but at least it is more clear
    than your attempts at formalism.

    André


    Perhaps something like the band "Faith No More" the song "Empire".


    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 22 18:29:51 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 04/22/2026 06:25 PM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 04/22/2026 04:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge. >>>>

    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the
    formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano Arithmetic.

    I'm not saying I agree with the above, but at least it is more clear
    than your attempts at formalism.

    André


    Perhaps something like the band "Faith No More" the song "Empire".



    Or, "Epic", rather. Then there's something to be said for
    something like the song of "Soundgarden": "Superunknown".


    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@[email protected] to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Thu Apr 23 10:06:57 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 22/04/2026 16:17, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 3:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/
    #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ >>>>>>> is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL. >>>>>>> Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is but >>>>>> whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it.
    For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be

    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    A question is neither true nor false and there is no way to prove
    a question. But usually "undecidability" refers to affirmative
    sentences only, as they only are in the scope of logic.

    This sentence is not true. // It is semantically incoherent

    Can you think any reason why typical formal languages have no symbol
    analogous to "this" in that sentence ?
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@[email protected] to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Thu Apr 23 08:49:02 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/23/2026 2:06 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 16:17, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 3:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs.
    ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/ >>>>>>>> #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ >>>>>>>> is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL. >>>>>>>> Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics is >>>>>>> but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it. >>>>> For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be

    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    A question is neither true nor false and there is no way to prove
    a question. But usually "undecidability" refers to affirmative
    sentences only, as they only are in the scope of logic.

    This sentence is not true. // It is semantically incoherent

    Can you think any reason why typical formal languages have no symbol analogous to "this" in that sentence ?


    To keep reasoning about these things
    so convoluted that they can never be
    resolved?

    I invented one that does
    LP := ~True(LP)

    The directed graph of its
    evaluation sequence has a cycle
    00 ~ 01
    01 True 00

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    unify_with_occurs_check() rejects all terms
    that have a cycle in their evaluation sequence.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From =?UTF-8?B?QW5kcsOpIEcuIElzYWFr?=@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 00:19:59 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 2026-04-22 19:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 6:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides
    KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge. >>>>

    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the
    formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of
    back-chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of
    Peano Arithmetic.


    That certainly is more clear.

    The point I want to make is that clarity and formalism are two different things. You do not excel at formalism. But that doesn't mean that you
    cannot be clear. Just worry about the English for the time being and
    worry about the formalism later.

    André
    --
    To email remove 'invalid' & replace 'gm' with well known Google mail
    service.

    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@[email protected] to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 09:33:01 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 23/04/2026 16:49, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 2:06 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 16:17, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 3:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:33, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:41 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 19:57, olcott wrote:
    Proof-theoretic semantics is inherently inferential, as
    it is inferential activity which manifests itself in proofs. >>>>>>>>> ...inferences and the rules of inference establish the
    meaning of expressions.
    Schroeder-Heister, Peter, 2024 "Proof-Theoretic Semantics"
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/proof-theoretic-semantics/ >>>>>>>>> #InfeIntuAntiReal

    Provable(PA, φ) := ∃Γ ⊂ PA(Γ ⊣ φ)
    There exists a finite set Γ of inference steps of PA such that φ >>>>>>>>> is back-chained to PA can ALWAYS be resolved in directly in SOL. >>>>>>>>> Has_Meaning_PTS(PA, φ) := Provable(PA, φ)

    The interesting question is not what proof-theoretic semantics >>>>>>>> is but
    whether it is for any purpose more useful than alternatives.

    It utterly eliminates the result of undecidability.

    Often the undesidability itself is more useful than any result of it. >>>>>> For example, if a sentence is known to be undecidable then it can be >>>>>
    Such as "What time is it (yes or no)?"

    A question is neither true nor false and there is no way to prove
    a question. But usually "undecidability" refers to affirmative
    sentences only, as they only are in the scope of logic.

    This sentence is not true. // It is semantically incoherent

    Can you think any reason why typical formal languages have no symbol
    analogous to "this" in that sentence ?

    To keep reasoning about these things
    so convoluted that they can never be
    resolved?

    Wrong. The purpose is to avoid complexity that is not necessary for
    the purpose of the language.

    I invented one that does
    LP := ~True(LP)

    And then you need to solve an uninteresting problem that does not
    exist in usual formal languages.
    --
    Mikko
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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 21:12:50 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/23/2026 11:19 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 19:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 6:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides >>>>> KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to knowledge. >>>>>

    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the
    formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-
    chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano
    Arithmetic.


    That certainly is more clear.

    The point I want to make is that clarity and formalism are two different things. You do not excel at formalism. But that doesn't mean that you
    cannot be clear. Just worry about the English for the time being and
    worry about the formalism later.


    Can he take your good advise? Humm...
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  • From Chris M. Thomasson@[email protected] to sci.logic,comp.theory,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 21:14:39 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 4/24/2026 9:12 PM, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 11:19 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 19:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 6:06 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-04-22 01:48, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:

    It is a syntax error to use open variables φ in a definition.Besides >>>>>> KnownTrue is a bad name for a symbol that does not refer to
    knowledge.


    KnownTrue :=
    There exists a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps Γ in PA such that φ reaches the axioms of PA

    That doesn't solve the problem of the open variable.

    You could solve this by changing it to KnownTrue(φ) := ...

    But I still think your better off dispensing with the formalism and
    simply expressing your ideas in English since you always mangle the
    formalism.

    Why not simply say:

    A proposition is known to be true if there is a sequence of back-
    chained inference steps from that proposition to the axioms of Peano
    Arithmetic.


    That certainly is more clear.

    The point I want to make is that clarity and formalism are two
    different things. You do not excel at formalism. But that doesn't mean
    that you cannot be clear. Just worry about the English for the time
    being and worry about the formalism later.


    Can he take your good advise? Humm...

    Might be too busy building his best thing, and listening to the
    following song:

    (Hey Nineteen)
    https://youtu.be/cvg5mbM6FGs?list=RDMMko70cExuzZM

    Humm, his version is hey (Hey Eight years old?)

    Olcott is a bad bunny. Afaict.
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